Microphone
Microphones have the task of converting acoustic signals, sound vibrations, into electrical signals, alternating voltages. First, they are converted into mechanical vibrations by membranes (receiver principle). Then they are converted into electrical voltages by various means (transducer principle).
There is a wide variety of microphones that implement these principles in different ways. They differ, among other things, in the frequency range to be used, directional characteristic, sensitivity, size, construction and thus in their range of application.
